Nephrology is a medical specialty dedicated to the diagnosis and treatment of kidney-related disorders. Nephrologists, or kidney specialists, focus on conditions such as chronic kidney disease, acute kidney injury, glomerulonephritis, and hypertension, which can affect kidney function. They manage electrolyte imbalances, oversee dialysis treatments, and provide care for patients undergoing kidney transplants. By utilizing a combination of medical history, physical examinations, laboratory tests, and imaging studies, nephrologists develop comprehensive treatment plans to preserve kidney health, improve quality of life, and prevent complications.